Artículo Original

TRASTORNO MENTAL COMÚN NO PSICÓTICO EN MUJERES VÍCTIMAS DE VIOLENCIA POR SU PAREJA

Cómo citar: Amemiya CEE, Aguiar LS, Miziara CSMG, Serinolli MI, Miziara ID. Trastorno mental común no psicótico en mujeres víctimas de violencia por su pareja. Persp Med Legal Perícia Med. 2019; 4(2)

https://dx.doi.org/10.47005/040202

Recibido en 28/04/2019
Aceptado en 10/05/2019

Proyecto de investigación aprobado por el comité de ética de la Faculdad de Medicina de la Universidad de São Paulo (FMUSP), bajo el parecer nº 1937994.

Los autores informan que no existe conflictos de intereses.

COMMON MENTAL DISORDER IN WOMEN VICTIMS OF INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE

Cinthia Emy Endo Amemiya (1)

Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/0486184208028212 – ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0841-7794

Luan Salguero de Aguiar (1)

lattes:  http://lattes.cnpq.br/4780070112183042 – ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2676-8494

Carmen Silvia Molleis Galego Miziara (1)

Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/6916238042273197 – ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4266-0117

Mário Ivo Serinolli (2)

Lattes:  http://lattes.cnpq.br/0403872913808157 – ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2137-7814

Ivan Dieb Miziara (1)

Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/3120760745952876 – ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7180-8873

(1) Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, São Paulo, Brasil (Autor principal)

(2) Universidade Nove de Julho, São Paulo, Brasil (Autor principal)

E-mail: cinthia.ea@gmail.com

RESUMEN

Introducción: Violencia contra mujer causada por su pareja (VP) es un problema de Salud Pública con proporciones epidémicas. VP implica trastornos psicosociales que repercuten negativamente en la salud mental de las víctimas. Objetivo: Describir los impactos en la salud mental de mujeres víctimas de VP, comparando los resultados con un grupo control. Método: Estudio descriptivo transversal por aplicación de cuestionarios a mujeres víctimas de VP y al grupo control. Los cuestionarios evalúan: trastornos mentales no psicóticos, sociodemografía y tipo de violencia. Resultados: Sin diferencias entre los grupos: edad (p=0,051); color de piel (p=0,316); escolaridad (p=0,212); número de abortos (p=0,096). Con diferencias: clasificación socioeconómica (p<0,001); y números de gestaciones (p=0,0013), partos (p=0,004), hijos (p=0,0009) y de dependientes (p=0,0372). El color de la piel no fue un factor de riesgo (p=0,286) para la VP, pero para el trastorno mental (p=0,016) – las no blancas tienen chances 4,25 veces mayores de trastorno mental. La violencia psicológica fue la más declarada (100%), aislada (27,9%) o asociada a otras formas de violencia. La VP aumenta en 12,64 veces la chance de trastorno mental. Discusión: la VP predispone a la enfermedad mental asumiendo dimensiones preocupantes. La agresión psicológica es la forma más aplicada de violencia que tiene por intención debelar la posibilidad de que la víctima rompa con el agresor, y la física, que tiene por objetivo humillar y causar sufrimiento, fueron las más citadas. Conclusión: la VP está asociada a una mayor tasa de trastorno mental no psicótico. El color de la piel no blanca no fue un factor de riesgo para la VP, pero lo fue para el desarrollo de trastorno mental no psicótico.

Palabras-clave: violencia por la pareja, violencia doméstica, trastornos mentales.

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