Investigación autorizada por el Sector de Enseñanza e Investigación del Departamento Médico Legal de Porto Alegre/Instituto General de Pericias-RS. Los autores declaran no haber conflictos de intereses.

FORENSIC ASSESSMENT OF DOMESTICS VIOLENCE CASES DURING THE START OF ISOLATION DUE TO THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Angelita Maria Ferreira Machado Rios (1,2)

http://lattes.cnpq.br/9216524646561227 – https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8363-4532

Alexia Oro dos Santos (2)

http://lattes.cnpq.br/1441450866216280 – https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7522-0102

Larissa de Oliveira Silveira (2)

http://lattes.cnpq.br/0677168195955898 –  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3688-1773

Laura Chies Kercher (2)

http://lattes.cnpq.br/4939477268529245 – https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9818-9451

Livia Capuano Fogaça (3)

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6781-8347

Letiane Montagner Ifarraguirre (2)

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6628-3395

Eduarda Pasini Dein (2)

http://lattes.cnpq.br/3364513894095527 – https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1661-7094

Martha Rocha (4)

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6811-1669

Vanessa Machado Rios (3)

http://lattes.cnpq.br/6033620740956681 – https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2123-3677

(1) Departamento Médico-Legal de Porto Alegre/Instituto Geral de Perícias-RS/Porto Alegre/Brasil (autor principal)

(2) Faculdade de Medicina – Disciplina de Medicina Legal – Universidade Luterana do Brasil-Canoas/RS/Brasil (revisão bibliográfica e tradução)

(3) Faculdade de Medicina – Disciplina de Medicina Legal – Universidade Luterana do Brasil-Canoas/RS/Brasil (coordenação)

(4) Departamento Médico-Legal de Porto Alegre/Instituto Geral de Perícias-RS/Porto Alegre/Brasil (coleta de dados)

(5) Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul – Faculdade de Medicina/Porto Alegre/Brasil (revisão de literatura e tradução)

RESUMEN:

Introducción: El aislamiento social es un recurso importante para reducir la velocidad de contaminación durante la pandemia de Covid-19. Sin embargo, puede intensificar el comportamiento abusivo entre parejas o miembros de la familia.

Objetivo: presentar datos demográficos y criminales de víctimas de violencia doméstica evaluadas en la Clínica Forense y Servicio Psicosocial del Departamento Médico Legal de Porto Alegre.

Método: levantamiento de los datos retrospectivos analizados en las entrevistas con 47 personas víctimas de violencia doméstica, entre abril y mayo de 2020. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 30 casos de violencia por pareja íntima (VPI) y 17 casos de violencia familiar (VF). Se analizaron variables sociodemográficas y criminales, y la opinión sobre la dinámica de la violencia en la cuarentena.

Resultado: la violencia doméstica afectó predominantemente a las víctimas del sexo femenino (el 96,6% de violencia por pareja íntima y el 58,8% por la violencia familiar). Las víctimas de violencia familiar del sexo masculino están en los grupos etarios extremos. Las mujeres sufrieron violencia a lo largo de su ciclo de vida, pero las agresiones por la pareja íntima alcanzaron su punto máximo en la adolescencia y juventud. Los niños fueron agredidos por las figuras de protección y las víctimas mayores de 60 años sufrieron violencia física por parte de sus hijos o yernos. Sobre la violencia por pareja íntima, el 53% de la muestra reportó agresión por parte de exparejas y el tiempo de separación osciló entre 15 días y dos años. En opinión del 90,3% de las mujeres, la cuarentena no modificó la frecuencia ni la intensidad de los actos abusivos.

Conclusión: la violencia intrafamiliar afecta predominantemente a las personas en situación de vulnerabilidad como niños, mujeres y ancianos. No fue posible hacer una inferencia sobre el aumento de casos de violencia durante el aislamiento social.

Palabras clave: violencia de género, violencia intrafamiliar, cuarentena Covid-19

---

Referencias bibliográficas

1. USHER. K; BHULLAR. N; DURKIN. J; GYAMFI. N; JACKSON. D. Family violence and COVID-19: Increased vulnerability and reduced options for support. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing (2020) 29, 549-552. Acesso em 14/07/2020. Disponível em:  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7264607
2. ABEL. T; MCQUEEN. D.  The COVID-19 pandemic calls for spatial distancing and social closeness: not for social distancing. International Journal of Public Health (2020) 65:231
3. NICOLA. M; ALSAFI. ZAID; SOHRABI. C et al. The socio-economic of the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19): a review. International Journal of Surgery 78 (2020) 185-193
4. TELLES. L; VALENÇA. A; BARROS. A; SILVA. A. Domestic violence in the COVID-19 pandemic: a forensic psychiatric perspective. Braz J Psychiatry. 2020;00:000-000. Access in 14 July 2020. Disponível em: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1516-4446-2020-1060
5. SACCO. M et al. The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on domestic violence: The dark side of home isolation during quarantine. Medico-Legal Journal 0(0) 1-3. 2020. DOI: 10.1177/0025817220930553
6. NEETU. J, CASEY. S, CARINO. G, McGOVERN. T. Lessons never learned: crisis and gender-based violence.  Developing World Bioeth. 2020;20:65-68.
7. THOMAS. M; RAJAN. S. Intimate partner violence (IPV) in the wake of COVID-19 in India: a conceptual overview. The International Journal of Indian Psychology. 2020;8(2).
8. WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION (WHO). Violence and injury prevention. Accessed 13 July 2020. Disponível em: https:www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/violence/en
9. DUNCAN. E. NSW domestic violence support groups warn coronavirus isolation is prompting surge in demand for services. ABC News Australia. Accessed 21 July 2020. https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-03-27/coronavirus-domestic-family-violence-covid-19-surge/12096988
10. BRADBURY-JONES. R; ISHAM. L. The pandemic paradox: the consequences of COVID-19 on domestic violence. J Clin Nurs. 2020;29:2047-2049.
11. CAMPBELL. A. An increasing risk of family violence during the Covid-19 pandemic: Strengthening community collaborations to save lives. Forensic Sci Int Rep. (2020). Accessed 14 July 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsir.2020.100089
12. AGI. J. Crime rate in WA plunges amid coronavirus social distancing lockdown measures. ABC News Australia. Accessed 22 July 2020. https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-04-08/coronavirus-shutdown-sees-crime-rate-drop-in-wa/12132410
13. COSTA. P. Violências contra mulheres em tempos de COVID-19. 2020. http://www.ufs.br/conteudo/65089-violencias-contra-mulheres-em tempos-de covid-19
14. MARQUES. E; MORAES. C; HASSELMAN. M; DESLANDES. S; REICHENHEIM. M. Violence against women, children, and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic: overview, contributing factors, and mitigating measures. Cad. Saúde Pública 2020;36(4). Acesso 14/07/2020. Disponível em: https://www.scielosp.org/article/csp/2020.v36n4/e00074420/
15. VIEIRA. R; GARCIA. L; MACIEL. E. Isolamento social e o aumento da violência doméstica: o que isso nos revela? Rev. bras. epidemiol., Rio de Janeiro, vol. 23, 2020. Access on 14 July 2020. Disponível em: https://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1415-790X2020000100201
16. UNICEF. Countries failing to prevent violence against children, agencies warn. Global status report on preventing violence against children calls for more government action and warns of ‘dramatic impact’ of COVID-19. Access on 17 July 2020. Disponível em: https://www.unicef.org/press-releases/countries-failing-prevent-violence-against-children-agencies-warn
17. UNICEF. COVID-19 – GBV risks to adolescent girls and interventions to protect and empower them. International Rescue Committee. Access on 17 July 2020. Disponível em: https://www.unicef.org/documents/covid-19-gbv-risks-adolescent-girls-and-interventions-protect-and-empower-them
18. UNICEF. Annual Results Report 2016. Gender Equality. New York: The United Nations Children’s Fund; 2017 [accessed in 2018 Apr 02]; Available from: https:www.unicef.org/publicpartnerships/files/2016arr-gender(1).pdf
19. UNICEF. La violencia en la primera infancia. Marco regional de UNICEF para América Latina y El Caribe. Panama: The United Nations Children’s Fund; 2017 [accessed in 2018 Apr 02]. Available from: https://www.unicef.org/lac/sites/unicef.org.lac/files/2018-03/20171023_UNICEF_LACRO_FrameworkViolencia_ECD_ESP.pdf
20. RIOS. A; MARTINI. M; CRESPO. K; MORALES. A; MAGALHÃES. P; TELLES. L. Sociodemographic, criminal and forensic characteristics of a sample female of female children and adolescents murdered in Brazil. 2010-2016. Rev. Fac. Med. 2019;67(3)
21. Martins, AP. Violência no namoro e nas relações íntimas entre jovens: considerações preliminares sobre o problema no Brasil. Gênero. 2017;17(2):9-28.
22. MARANHÃO. R. Domestic violence during the quarantine of COVID-19: between novels, femicides and prevention. Braz. J. Hea. Rev., v. 3, n. 2, p.3197-3211, 2020.
23. BAVEL. J et al. Using social and behaviourial science to support COVID-19 pandemic response. Nature Human Behaviour, vol.4, 2020, 460-471. Access in 14 July 2020. Disponível em: https://www.nature.com./nathumbehav
24. BOSERUP. B; McKENNEY. M; ELKBULI. A. Alarming trends in US domestic violence during the COVID-19 pandemic. American Journal of Emergency Medicine. Accessed 13 July 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2020.04.077
25. BOUILLON-MINOIS. J; CLINCHAMPS. M; DUTHEIL. F. Coronavirus and quarantine: catalysts of domestic violence. Violence Against Women. 2020;1-3. DOI:10.1177/1077801220935194
26. GELDER. N; PETERMAN. A; POTTS. A et al. COVID-19: Reducing the risk of infection might increase the risk of intimate partner violence. EClinicalMedicine 21 (2020). Accessed 17 July 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100348

Tags: Domestic violence gender violence quarantine Covid-19 quarentena Covid-19 violência de gênero VIOLENCIA DOMESTICA