Los autores informan que no existe conflictos de intereses.

CHARACTERISTICS OF INJURIES CAUSED BY LESS-LETHAL AMMUNITION SHOOTING: A HISTORICAL VIEW

Orlando Victorino de Moura Junior (1)

http://lattes.cnpq.br/5368323540973280 – https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0125-2587

Ivan Dieb Miziara (2)

http://lattes.cnpq.br/3120760745952876 – https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7180-8873

(1) Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Medicina Legal, Bioética, Medicina do Trabalho e Medicina Física e Reabilitação, São Paulo-SP, Brasil. (autor principal)

(2) Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Medicina Legal, Bioética, Medicina do Trabalho e Medicina Física e Reabilitação, São Paulo-SP, Brasil. (orientador) E-mail: orlando.moura@hc.fm.usp.br; ivan.miziara@usp.br

RESUMEN

Introducción: Al inicio de la década del 70, se introdujo en el arsenal militar un nuevo tipo de arma de fuego con formato y funcionamiento idénticos a los que ya eran empleados desde hace siglos por las fuerzas de distintos países, aunque ahora alimentados con una munición de goma o plástico, cuyo empleo buscaba contener a los objetivos sin provocar daños letales. Hasta la actualidad las armas de fuego con proyectiles menos letales son empleadas por fuerzas policiales. Objetivos: Este trabajo intenta exponer cuáles son las características de las lesiones provocadas por este tipo de munición, cuáles son las partes del cuerpo más alcanzadas, además de averiguar cuáles son las secuelas más frecuentes y si hay riesgo de muerte al emplearlas. Método: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica en PubMed y fueron analizados todos los artículos y relatos de caso que involucran lesiones en humanos vivos provocados por este tipo de munición. Resultados: fueron incluidos 37 artículos al presente estudio y, sumados, expusieron un total de 932 lesiones, siendo que 612 pudieron ser clasificadas entre contusas o contuso perforantes. Discusión: Los disparos por municiones menos letales, a pesar de ser conocidas como “munición no letal”, pueden resultar en muerte o grave compromiso de órganos, sentido o función, principalmente cuando alcanzan regiones más sensibles del cuerpo humano, como el rostro o los ojos. Conclusión: De las lesiones que pudieron ser clasificadas, 60% fueron contusas y 40% contuso perforantes. La cabeza fue la región más acometida. Los ojos representaron el 32% del total de las lesiones, lo que justifica la pérdida visual como la secuela más relatada. El riesgo de muerte existe, siendo que 26 personas murieron debido a las lesiones ocasionadas por los disparos.

Palabras-Clave: Heridas por arma de fuego; Heridas no penetrantes; violencia con arma de fuego

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Tags: blunt injuries Ferimentos não pentrantes Ferimentos por arma de fogo Firearms Gunshot wounds Heridas no penetrantes Heridas por arma de fuego nonpenetrating wounds Violência com arma de fogo violencia con arma de fuego